Gen z Characteristics: Who They are & What Defines Gen z

What is Gen­er­a­tion Z?

Gen­er­a­tion Z has emerged as a pop­u­la­tion increas­ing­ly wor­thy of atten­tion, espe­cial­ly now as its old­er mem­bers are in their 20s and have become a polit­i­cal­ly engaged force in recent elec­tions. Born after 1996, Gen­er­a­tion Zers made up one-tenth of the 2020 elec­torate and have added 8.3 mil­lion new­ly eli­gi­ble vot­ers since Novem­ber 2022 — reach­ing an esti­mat­ed 41 mil­lion total eli­gi­ble vot­ers in 2024. While they share a num­ber of char­ac­ter­is­tics with mil­len­ni­als, their for­ma­tive years have been shaped by a dras­ti­cal­ly dif­fer­ent world, result­ing in key dif­fer­ences in atti­tudes, ten­den­cies and out­look. Sta­tis­tics com­piled by the Pew Research Cen­ter and the KIDS COUNT® Data Cen­ter paint a clear pic­ture. Here’s what we know.

Demo­graph­ics of Gen­er­a­tion Z

One of the core char­ac­ter­is­tics of Gen­er­a­tion Z is racial diver­si­ty. As America’s demo­graph­ics con­tin­ue to shift, Gen Z will be the last gen­er­a­tion that is a major­i­ty white — just bare­ly, with 51%.

The younger Gen­er­a­tion Alpha, born 2013 to 2025, is 48% white and on track to be the most diverse gen­er­a­tion yet. On the oth­er hand, much larg­er shares of the old­er mil­len­ni­als, Gen Xers and baby boomers are white: 55%, 60% and 72%, respectively. 

Gen Z is more racial­ly and eth­ni­cal­ly diverse than old­er gen­er­a­tions, with: 

  • 15% Black;
  • 6% Asian Amer­i­can or Pacif­ic Islander;
  • 5% two or more races; and
  • 2% Amer­i­can Indi­an or Alas­ka Native young people.

As Gen Zers grew up over the past two decades, chil­dren in immi­grant fam­i­lies grew more com­mon, too, ris­ing from 19% of the country’s child pop­u­la­tion in the ear­ly 2000s to 25% in 2021.

For many Gen Zers, the back­drop of their ear­ly years includ­ed the country’s first Black pres­i­dent and the legal­iza­tion of gay mar­riage. They are more like­ly to have grown up amid diverse fam­i­ly struc­tures — whether in a sin­gle-par­ent house­hold, a mul­tira­cial house­hold, or a house­hold in which gen­der roles were blurred. As a result, they are less fazed than pre­vi­ous gen­er­a­tions by dif­fer­ences in race, sex­u­al ori­en­ta­tion or religion.

Gen­er­a­tion Z is the most edu­cat­ed gen­er­a­tion yet, with 57% of 18—21-year-olds enrolled in col­lege in 2022, com­pared to 52% of Mil­len­ni­als at the same age. Many pri­or­i­tize prac­ti­cal edu­ca­tion, with increased inter­est in trade schools and cer­ti­fi­ca­tions. Employ­ment trends show Gen Z val­ues flex­i­bil­i­ty and pur­pose in their careers, often favor­ing gig work or free­lance oppor­tu­ni­ties; in 2023, 46% of Gen Z work­ers par­tic­i­pat­ed in the gig econ­o­my. They also pri­or­i­tize men­tal health and work-life bal­ance, con­sid­er­ing these fac­tors crit­i­cal when choos­ing jobs. These trends are reshap­ing edu­ca­tion and work­place landscapes.

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